Research methods
The study used a mixed-methods approach, using focus groups and an online survey. The first phase of data collection started with focus groups for which participants were recruited during the Substitute Teachers Conference on October 19, 2019. A total of 44 substitute teachers opted to participate in the focus groups during the conference. The focus groups ran for approximately one hour and were guided by open-ended statements and prompts that queried the participants’ perspectives on the current context of substitute teaching, what the challenges were, what the positives were and how the participants viewed their relationship with the ATA.
The second phase of the study was on an open online survey that recruited participants by posting the study on the ATA website, in addition to an announcement made at the annual Substitute Teachers Conference in October 2019. The survey was open from December 2 through December 16, 2019, and drew 1,131 respondents with 869 completed surveys. Given this response rate, and based on an estimated population size of 6,712 (ATA 2020), this survey has a confidence interval or margin of error of ±3.1 per cent, 19 times out of 20 (Creative Research Systems 2012).